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2014年職稱英語綜合類考試詞組辨析
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11. anxious,eager,keen這一組詞都有“渴望、急切、關注”之意,都可接不定式: 此外,be anxious/eager 后面的從句須用虛擬語氣should + do
anxious:“渴望的、著急的”,一般指對結果或前途懷有憂慮或不安而產生的急切愿望。
Mary is anxious that her husband should accept the offer. “瑪麗迫切希望她的丈夫接受這條建議。”
eager:“熱切的、渴望的”,指包含有熱情的強烈興趣,著重指進取的熱情或指由于其他因素而急不可待。常用詞組:be eager for (after,to do) sth. 對……熱切的。
I'm eager that he should give me something to read. “我急切希望她給我點讀物。
keen :“切望的、熱心的”,指因強烈的興趣而渴望做某事。另外,還有激烈、敏銳之意。常見詞組:be keen on( about,to do) sth,對……熱心的。
I put the suggestion to him , but he didn't seem very keen about it. 我向他提出這份建議,但他似乎不太熱心。
12.apparent,distinct,evident,obvious 這一組詞均有 “明顯”之意。
apparent:顯然的、表面的”,指經過一定推敲從證據(jù)中得出的結論,著重指經過某種推理過程,如:歸納、演繹等而領悟到的事物,常作表語;作定語時,常譯為: “表面的”。
The apparent cause of his failure to pass the exam was illness ,but the real cause was lack of knowledge. ”他考試不及格的表面原因是生病,實際原因是所知不足。”
It was apparent that he knew nothing of what had happened. " 他對究竟發(fā)生了什么事,顯然一無所知。'
distinct:“清晰的、明顯的”,指輪廓或界線清晰可見,不需仔細辨別,也指不需注意聽就可聽清、理解的,另外,還可指不需太多努力就能領會的抽象事物。
He gave a distinct account of everything that occurred yesterday in the city hall. 他對昨天發(fā)生在市政廳的每件事都作了清晰的敘述。”
evident:“明顯的、顯然的” 指肉眼可見的所有跡象都能導出的結論,也可指感覺不到但可從外部跡象推斷出的事物。
It must be evident to everyone that someone has been here.有人到這里來過,這是人人可見的極明顯的事。
obvious:“顯而易見的” 指易于發(fā)現(xiàn)或說明,常指某事物顯而易見或掩蔽得并不成功的事物。
The mistakes are so obvious that even a little boy can point them out. ”這些錯誤如此明顯,甚至小孩子也能指出。
13. appropriate ,fit,proper,suitable 這一組詞均含有 “恰當、適宜” 之意。
appropriate:“非常適合的”,具有一種與該人或該事物相匹配的適宜性。常用短語:appropriate to /for。
He always tried his best to give the appropriate examples to illustrate the usage of an expression.”他總是盡力舉出恰當?shù)睦觼碚f明詞語的用法。”
fit: “合適的、恰當?shù)?rdquo;,指具有為了達到某項目的、或完成某項任務、或適合于某種用法所需的品質,有時也指人具備所需要的資格或能力。常用短語:be fit fur/to do。
I should say she wasn’t fit to do anything of the sort. 我得說她不適合做任何這類事情.
We are here to see that the houses are fit for human habitation.“我們來此要使這些房子適合入住。”
proper: “合適的、適宜的”,指該事物依照某種慣例或情理是無可非議的,或強調通過邏輯思維、推理所確定的事物的適宜性和合理性。常用短語:proper for /to do。
When a child has mastered a difficulty after persistent efforts, praise is a proper reward. “當孩子經過堅持不懈的努力,駕御了一件困難工作時,最合適的報償是夸獎。
It was proper to say that most Americans belong to the middle class. “說大多數(shù)美國人屬于中產階級是正確的。”
suitable: 適合的、適宜的、恰當?shù)模糜谥溉嘶蚴挛锬軌蚺c某種場合、環(huán)境、要求相適應。常用短語:suitable for。
There's no denying that his speech is suitable to the oceasion.“毋庸置疑他的言辭合時宜。”
Do you think this present suitable for the boy of his age?“你覺得這份禮物送給他那個年齡的男孩合適嗎?”
14. ashamed,shameful,shameless 這組詞均含有 “無恥的、可恥的” 之意。
ashamed “羞恥的、慚愧的” 主要指因自己或他人的無恥、不禮貌的動作,行為而感到窘迫和羞恥。常用詞組:be ashamed of, be ashamed of oneself for…,be ashamed to do sth. 因……而羞愧。
You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 你應為你說出如此謊言而感到慚愧。
shameful:“可恥的”,修飾事物或行為時,指可恥的、不光彩的,但不可用于人。
Evading taxes or taxation is a shameful conduct,which should be condemned by the whole society. “偷稅、漏稅是應受到全社會譴責的可恥行為。
shameless: “無恥的、厚顏無恥的” 修飾事物或行為時譯為“無恥的”修飾人時譯為“厚顏無恥、不知羞恥”。
We cannot stand such a shameless person being still at large. 我們無法容忍這樣一個無恥之徒逍遙法外。
15. attentive,careful,cautious 這組詞含有 “小心的、謹慎”之意。
attentive : “專心的、留意的” 從精神上注意,有聚精會神之意,尤指人為了理解、乃至改善事物而 “留心、留意的”。
As a member of parliament, he is attentive to the needs of his constituents. 作為議會成員,他關注選民的需要。
careful: “小心的” 著重行為的謹慎,指為了避免出差錯或受傷以及受壞的影響而對某事 “仔細的,行動上 “小心的”。
When doctors were making an operation , they wouldn't be too careful. 醫(yī)生在施行手術時再小心也不過分。
cautious: 謹慎的、小心的, 指為了提防可能遇到的危險,或為了避免失敗而提前做周密的打算和安排。
You must be cautious not to do such a foolish thing again.你一定要小心,別再干這樣的蠢事了。
16. Aware,conscious這一組詞均含有“知道、意識到” 之意。
aware“知道、意識到” 一般指通過感官或別人提供的情況對外界事物有所了解。
Though clearly aware of the danger ahead, he accepted the task without fear. “盡管清楚地知道前面有危險,他還是毫不畏懼地接受任務。”
He grew painfully aware that the family was divided in its attitude. 他痛苦地意識到一家人意見有分歧。
conscious“知道的、有意識的、自覺的”,一般指內心所意識到的感覺或感受,. 也可做定語,指“有意識的。”
Having obtained a Doctor's degree in Oxford University , he is deeply conscious of his superiority in his academic field.獲得了牛津大學的博士學位,他深知自己在學術方面的優(yōu)勢。
He was aware that someone was talking, but not conscious of what was said. 他覺察到有人在說話,但不知道說的是什么。
17. awful,dreadful,fearful這組詞均有 “害怕”或“恐懼”之意。
awful“可怕的、嚇人的,由環(huán)境森嚴、問題嚴重、過分崇敬等原因而令人畏懼。
The lightning bolt struck the tree with an awful sound. “閃電帶著可怕的聲音打中了那棵樹。”
dreadful:“令人驚駭?shù)、可怕?rdquo; 意為強烈的、持續(xù)的恐懼,多指怕鬼、怕死。如:可怕的戰(zhàn)爭、怪物、風暴、噩夢、結果、權力籌,有時也指不喜歡或不愿接受的事物。
The play which was performed last night turned out to be just dreadful.昨晚上演的劇簡直壞透了。
fearful“害怕的、擔心的、可怕的” 指因多慮、危險、不幸或想象而造成的恐懼。常見詞組:for fear that 后接虛擬:(should) + 動詞原形。
The writer was fearful that the opening night of the play would be a failure.劇作家擔心首場演出會出錯。
He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地動那儀器,生怕把它弄壞。
18. basic,elementary,fundamental,primary 這組詞均含有“基本的、基礎的”之意。
basic:“基礎的、基本的、根本的” 常有“起點”性質,可用來修飾抽象概念,也可用來強調確切、具體的基礎或根基。
At least, you should have taken into account the plan in its basic aspects. 至少,你本應考慮到此項計劃基本方面。
elementary: “初步的、基礎的”,著重指基本的或開始的事物,也指初步的概念和原則、必要的因素及組成部分。
John learned addition and subtraction in elementary arithmetic.“約翰在初等數(shù)學中學習了加減法。”
How can you expect to succeed without even the elementary knowledge of the field?沒有這一領域的最基本知識,你怎能指望成功呢?
fundamental:“基礎的、根本、首要的” 主要修飾無形的、抽象的事物,多用于正式的文體。常用詞組:be fundamental to 對……十分重要。
The fundamental cause of the development of a thing is not external but internal.“事物發(fā)展的根本原因不在事物的外部而在事物的內部。”
primary:“最初的、主要的”,表示在進展順序中居于首位,意為:“最初的”,或指復雜構造中的基礎部分,意為“主要的”還指在重要性方面具有主導地位,意為“最重要的、主要的”。
We were relieved to hear that his disease was still in its primary stage. 得知 他的病仍處于初始階段,我們感到很寬慰。
19.better, preferable, superior
better,preferable,superior這一組詞均含有比其他人或事物“更有價值或令人喜歡” 之意。
better:“更好的、較好的” 最常用作good 的比較,指某個人或物的品質超過、勝過另一些人或物。還指情況或健康改善,常與ill相對而與well有關。常用短語:had better 最好,for the better ( 變得) 更好,know better than to do 不至于蠢到去干……
The result of the investigation was much better than might have been expected.調查的結果比原來想像的要好得多。
You should know better than to go out without an overcoat on such a cold day. 你不應該糊涂到在這樣的冷天不穿大衣就出去。
preferable:“更好的、較好的” 意指經過比較兩者之間選擇稱心如意的東西,其含義弱化而幾乎不用,常跟介詞to連用動詞為prefer,常用短語prefer…rather寧愿……也不愿……A to B ,比起B(yǎng)更偏愛A。
Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 健 康而無財富較有財富而無健康為佳。
He prefers to take the whole blame himself rather than allow it to fall on the innocent. 他寧可自己承擔全部責任,也不愿把責任推到清白 ( 無辜) 的人身上。
superior:“優(yōu)良的、上等的、高級的” 此詞還強調地位、質量或價值的高度,與介詞連用。
No one doubts that modern ways of travelling is superior to those of older time. 無人懷疑現(xiàn)代旅行方法較往昔優(yōu)越。
20.certain,positive,sure 這組詞均有“肯定的、確切的”之意。
certain:“確切的、肯定的”,指確信無疑或不容置疑,比sure更確定地表明有客觀的理由和證據(jù)支持這種確信。主語不一定是人,常用詞組:for certain 肯定;常用句型:It’scertain that…
I am perfectly certain that he appreciated every item of this performance.我完全相信他欣賞這次演出的每個節(jié)目。
There aren't many seats left for this concert so you'd better make certain that you get one ticket.音樂會的座位不多了,你最好今天訂妥一個。
positive:“確信的”,強調絕對相信自己言論或結論的正確性,經常表示過度的自信乃至獨斷之意;另處,還有“積極的、建設性的”之意。
It's no use just telling me to do it;give me positive advice as to how to do it. “僅僅告訴我做這件事是不夠的,應就如何做給我一些建設性的意見。”
sure:“一定的、確信的” 強調主觀上的信念或肯定,其后所跟的句型要求較為嚴格。常用詞組:sb.be sure of/to do (對) 有把握,for sure 肯定地,sure enough 果真,to be sure當然 ( 作插入語) 。
As we have been practising regularly,we are sure of winning the game this time.“我們一直在練習,這次有把握一定贏。”
He glanced over his shoulder to make sure that there was nobody listening.他向后瞥了一眼以確信沒有人在聽。
21.chief,main,major,principal這組詞都有“重要的”之意。
chief:“主要的、首要的”強調在順序、等級、重要性、價值方面高于其他所有同類事物,用于人時指 “地位最高”,用于物意為 “最重要的”。
The chief reason for the great changes in the cultural field is the development of economy.經濟發(fā)展是文化領域內發(fā)生巨大變化的主要原因。
main:“主要的”,只用于物,強調事物的某一部分、分支的重要性、大小及潛力優(yōu)于其他部分、分支,或表示該部分在整個事物中占有顯赫的地位。詞組:in the main 基本上、大體上。
His main reason for going to the library was to look up the book he spoke of yesterday.他到圖書館去的主要原因是去找他昨天談到的那本書。
major :“重大的、主要的”,指在規(guī)模、數(shù)量重要性方面超出同類的其他事物。
John has also played a major part in the improvement of the paper.“約翰在改進這份報紙的工作中也起了較大的作用。”
principal:“主要的、首要的”,指由于力量、權力、規(guī)模等方面的重要性而處于首位,也指賦于控制、領導、管理權的人或體積、重要性屬于首位的物。
I'd like to have a talk with.the principal persons concerned.我很想同有關的主要人員談一談。
22. common,general,universal這組詞都含有 “共同的、普遍的” 之意。
common:“普通的、共同的” 指為群體、全體成員所共享、使用或參加的,有時也指有關的事物在品質或品德上無杰出的、特殊之處。常用介詞:among,between,in,to,with等。常用短語:in common with 與……有共同之處。
The lack of manpower and material resources is often a defect common among the newly established companies. “缺乏人力和物力往往是初創(chuàng)公司的不足之處。
general:“一般的、普通的 指接近全體或大部分,即含有例外較少的意思; 指語言、意見或觀念時,含有意義不精確的意思。
According to the general practice , it should be approved by the managing director. “按照一般慣例,此事應由常務董事批準。
universal “普通的、全球性的” 主要用在邏輯或哲學中,指毫無例外地涉及整體中的每個個體。常被用來修飾真理、原理、法則等。
The threat of universal extinction hangs over all the world. 全球覆滅的威脅籠罩著全世界。
23.complex,complicated,sophisticated 這組詞都有 “復雜的”之意。
complex :“復雜的、難以理解的”,指由相互聯(lián)系且相互作用的部分組成,要想解決處理這樣的問題,必須有一定的專業(yè)知識或經過專門研究。常用來形容觀點、生活等。
His political ideas were too complex to get support from ordinary people. “他的政治觀點太復雜,因此得不到普通人的支持。”
complicated: “復雜的、難懂的、難弄的”,形容非常復雜,因此很難理解,解決、解釋的問題或事物,語氣比complex更強。反義詞為simple;強調事物內部交錯在一起,不易辨認其相互關系,常指事件、機械構造等。
I must confess that this is the most complicated case I have ever handled. 我須承認這是我處理過的最為復雜的案子。
sophisticated :“復雜的、不易懂的”,指機械、設備、武器裝備等的結構復雜或技術高、精、尖。另外,也指人的世故老練或心靈活動的復雜高深。
The company has spent millions of dollars developing this sophisticated electronic equipment. “該公司花費了數(shù)百萬美金研制這套復雜的電子設備。”
25.considerate,thoughtful這組詞均含有“周到的”之意。
considerate:“周到的、體貼的”,指對他人的感情或處境考慮周到,能設法減輕他人的悲傷或分擔他人的苦惱。常用句型:It’s considerate of sb. to do;常用詞組:be considerate towards/about sb. 對……體貼。
It was very considerate of you not to play the piano while your mother had headache. 你在母親頭痛得很厲害時不彈鋼琴,真是考慮得非常周到。
thoughtful:“體貼的、關懷他人的”,指無私地關心他人,為他人的安逸、舒適著想,能推測了解到別人的愿望或需要。常用句型:It's thoughtful of sb. to do sth;常用詞組be thoughtful abotu\for 對……(考慮) 周到的。
It was very thoughtful of you to make all the necessary arrangements for us. 你們考慮得很周到,為我們做好了一切必要的安排。
26. contradictory,contrary,opposite 這組詞均含有 “相反的”之意。
contradictory :“矛盾的、對立的”,指兩個事物相互排斥,即一方正確或成立,另一方就必然不正確或不成立,因而語氣較強,用介詞:to,of。
Reports of the result of the battle were so contradictory that we didn't know which side had won.戰(zhàn)果的報道是如此相反,我們不知到底是何方勝利。
contrary :“相反的、對立的” 指分歧極深、無法調和或相互沖突的事物,如: 設想、動機和見解等。當指事物的兩個極端時,不具有互斥性,即可以有其他可能性。常用短語:
contrary to與……相反:on the contrary 恰恰相反;to the contrary 意思相反地、不同地。
If you act contrary to the doctor's advice,you won't get well again. 如果你不聽從醫(yī)囑,你便不會康復。
I shall continue to believe it until I get proof to the contrary. 在我獲得相反的證據(jù)之前,我會繼續(xù)相信它。
opposite:“相反的”,普通用詞,著重指兩個彼此對立的抽象事物,如: 觀點、性質等;也可指兩者在方向、位置、趨勢方面不同,而不強調相互排斥。常用介詞:to
Those two men have opposite opinions on how to make a business run. 那兩個人對于怎樣經商的看法完全相反。
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中考英語易混詞組辨析200例11-10